Digital Audio Interfaces — AES3, S/PDIF, MADI, ADAT, USB Audio
The core digital audio interconnect formats used in professional AV — AES3/AES-EBU balanced XLR, S/PDIF coax and optical, MADI multi-channel, ADAT Lightpipe, and USB class-compliant audio — with wiring, specifications, and conversion guidance.
DisplayPort, USB-C, and Thunderbolt
DisplayPort, USB-C Alt Mode, and Thunderbolt are the modern PC-to-display connection standards — understanding their versions, bandwidth limits, adapter compatibility, and BYOD conferencing implications is essential for conference room and workstation AV design.
Fiber for AV
Optical fiber transmission of video and audio signals for extended distance and EMI immunity.
HDMI
Technical specification of the HDMI protocol for digital video and audio transmission.
IP Streaming Protocols — HLS, RTMP, SRT, RTSP, WebRTC
IP streaming protocols determine how video and audio are delivered from encoders to viewers — understanding HLS, RTMP, SRT, RTSP, and WebRTC enables correct encoder selection, CDN integration, and low-latency live streaming design for AV systems.
JPEG-XS
Low-latency compressed video codec for professional AV applications.
NDI
Network Device Interface for real-time video streaming over standard IP networks.
SDI
Serial Digital Interface for professional video production and broadcasting.
SMPTE ST 2110 — Professional Media Over IP
SMPTE ST 2110 is the broadcast-grade standard for transporting uncompressed or lightly-compressed video, audio, and ancillary data as separate IP streams — the foundation of modern professional AV-over-IP and broadcast infrastructure.
SRT — Secure Reliable Transport
SRT is an open-source UDP-based transport protocol with ARQ retransmission and AES encryption designed for low-latency, reliable video contribution over unreliable networks — replacing RTMP as the professional standard for internet contribution links.
WebRTC — Web Real-Time Communication
WebRTC is a browser-native, open standard for real-time peer-to-peer audio and video communication — it is the protocol underlying all browser-based video conferencing (Teams, Zoom, Meet) and enables sub-second latency streaming without plugins or apps.